Influenza is a viral infection that affects mainly the nose, throat, bronchi and, occasionally, lungs. Infection usually lasts for about a week, and is characterized by sudden onset of high fever, aching muscles, headache and severe malaise, non-productive cough, sore throat and rhinitis.
The virus is transmitted easily from person to person via droplets and small particles produced when infected people cough or sneeze. Influenza tends to spread rapidly in seasonal epidemics.
Most infected people recover within one to two weeks without requiring medical treatment. However, in the very young, the elderly, and those with other serious medical conditions, infection can lead to severe complications of the underlying condition, pneumonia and death.
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Whooping cough is an infectious bacterial disease that causes uncontrollable coughing. The name comes from the noise you make when you take a breath after you cough. You may have choking spells or may cough so hard that you vomit.
Anyone can get whooping cough, but it is more common in infants and children. It's especially dangerous in infants. The coughing spells can be so bad that it is hard for infants to eat, drink or breathe.
Amoebiasis is a common infection caused by a parasite that infects the large intestines of humans. People at any age can be infected with this disease, although it may be more common in young adults and middle-aged individuals. People who have this condition may or may not suffer from noticeable symptoms. Those who experience symptoms may be carrying one of two kinds of this disease: intestinal amoebiasis and extraintestinal amoebiasis. Those with intestinal amoebiasis may likely develop a condition known as invasive amoebiasis. This condition can lead to several discomforts and symptoms that affect the intestines such as diarrhea and amoebic dysentery. Extraintestinal amoebiasis, on the other hand, may affect other parts of the body other than the intestines. It can affect the liver, lungs, skin, spleen, and even the brain. Asymptomatic amoebiasis or amoebiasis that does not show any symptom may not make a person ill. However, it may still be passed from one person to another and may cause illness in another.
Before there was a vaccine, whooping cough was one of the most common childhood diseases and a major cause of childhood deaths in the U.S. There are fewer cases today because there are both pertussis-only vaccines and combination vaccines for tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis. If you have whooping cough, treatment with antibiotics may help if given early. Click here for more information.
Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It has a short incubation period, from less than one day to five days, and produces an enterotoxin that causes a copious, painless, watery diarrhoea that can quickly lead to severe dehydration and death if treatment is not promptly given. Vomiting also occurs in most patients.
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung—especially affecting the microscopic air sacs (alveoli)—associated with fever, chest symptoms, and a lack of air space (consolidation) on a chest X-ray.[1][2] Pneumonia is typically caused by an infection but there are a number of other causes.[1]Infectious agents include: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.[3]
Typical symptoms include cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing.[4] Diagnostic tools include x-rays and examination of the sputum.Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia are available. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Presumed bacterial pneumonia is treated with antibiotics. Click here for more.
Tuberculosis is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains ofmycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis.[1] Tuberculosis typically attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. It is spread through the air when people who have an active TB infection cough, sneeze, or otherwise transmit their saliva through the air.[2] Most infections areasymptomatic and latent, but about one in ten latent infections eventually progresses to active disease which, if left untreated, kills more than 50% of those so infected.
Dengue, also known as breakbone fever, is an infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash that is similar to measles. In a small proportion of cases the disease develops into the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever, resulting in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma leakage, or intodengue shock syndrome, where dangerously low blood pressure occurs. Click here for more.
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